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Amantadine is used for preventing and treating certain types of flu. It is used to treat Parkinson disease and uncontrolled muscle movements caused by some medicines.

Other names for this medication: Adekin, Aman, Amanta-hcl, Amantadina, Amantadinum, Amantagamma, Amantan, Amazolon, Amentrel, Amixx, Antadine, Atarin, Cerebramed, Endantadine, Influenzol, Lysovir, Mantadan, Mantadix, Paramantin, Paritrel, Protexin, Solu-contenton, Symadine, Tregor, Viregyt, Virofral, Virosol.

Chemical properties
This tool is an antiviral and at the same time antiparkinsonian drug. Due to its chemical structure, the substance is tricyclic aminoadamantane. Amantadine is produced in the form of sulfate, glucuronide or hydrochloride. The hydrochloride is a large crystalline powder, white or white with a yellow tint. The compound is highly soluble in water and alcohols, practically insoluble in ether. For the first time, Amantadine was used as an antiviral drug in 67 of the 20th century. After some time, its effectiveness in the treatment of Parkinson's disease was discovered. There is a known case when using this medicine it was possible to cure rabies (Milwaukee protocol). The patient was introduced into an artificial coma and after 7 days, tests showed the absence of the virus.

Pharmachologic effect
Antiviral, antiparkinsonian.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The mechanism of action of Amantadine is not fully understood. It is assumed that the drug stimulates the excretion of dopamine from its neuronal depots, thereby increasing the sensitivity of specific receptors to this neurotransmitter. As a result of which, if there is a decrease in the intensity of dopamine production in the basal ganglia, the drug creates conditions that normalize neurophysiological processes. There is an opinion that additionally lek. the drug can inhibit the generation of nerve impulses in the motor neurons of the central nervous system, acting as a weak antagonist of NMDA receptors. The antiviral effect of the drug is explained by its ability to block the penetration of virus A into a living cell. After ingestion, the active substance is well and quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract intestinal tract. The maximum concentration of Amantadine in blood plasma can be noted within 4 hours after administration. The drug overcomes the blood-brain and placental barriers, is excreted in breast milk. The half-life of the drug is about 15 hours. The substance is excreted unchanged using the kidneys.

Indications for use
The drug is prescribed:

• with Parkinson's disease;
  - for the treatment of rigid and akinetic forms of parkinsonism;
  - with loss of consciousness as a result of head injury;
  - to eliminate extrapyramidal disorders associated with taking
• - medications (for example, antipsychotics);
  - with neuralgia accompanying shingles;
  - if the patient must be slowly withdrawn from anesthesia;
  - as a prophylactic for influenza A;
  - for the treatment of influenza A as part of complex therapy.
• 
  Contraindications

The medicine is contraindicated:

- in the presence of allergic reactions to the active substance;
- if the patient has previously experienced psychosis;
- patients with epilepsy;
- with thyrotoxicosis;
- glaucoma patients;
- with prostatic hyperplasia;
- pregnant women;
- in severe diseases of the liver and kidneys;
- while breastfeeding.

Caution is recommended to observe:

- in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure;
- patients with allergic dermatitis;
- with strong psychomotor agitation;
- patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency;
- with hallucinations and confusion.

Side effects
During treatment with Amantadine, you may experience:

- headache, hallucinations, convulsions, depression, psychomotor agitation;
- dizziness, insomnia, tremor, visual impairment, increased irritability and sensitivity;
- decreased blood pressure, heart failure;
- constipation, nausea, dryness of the oral mucosa;
- nocturia, delay and difficulty urinating, polyuria (with prostatic hyperplasia);
- dermatosis, blue tint on the limbs;
- rarely - anorexia, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia.

Amantadine, instructions for use (Method and dosage)
The drug is prescribed orally.
After eating. The initial daily dosage for adults is 0.1 grams. According to indications, 7 days after the start of treatment, the dosage can be increased to 0.2 g per day. The maximum amount of the drug that can be taken during the day is 0.4 grams. Due to the fact that the medicine can stimulate the central nervous system, it is not recommended to use it later than 4 pm. In renal failure, the dosage should be reduced and the interval between doses should be increased. Most often, therapy is carried out in combination with other drugs (alpha-dopa and anticholinergics). The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor. For the prevention or treatment of influenza, 0.2 mg of the drug is prescribed for 10 days. Intravenously, the substance is administered 0.2 grams several times a day. The infusion rate is low, not more than 50-60 drops per minute, the procedure is carried out for 3 hours. For the treatment of viral diseases of the eyes, a 0.5% aqueous solution is instilled into the conjunctival sac 5 times a day, gradually reducing the dose to 1-2 times a day . The course of treatment is from 5 to 15 days.

Overdose
There are no data on overdose.

Interaction
When combined with the drug, side effects may increase when using other drugs for parkinsonism. The simultaneous use of the drug and thiazide diuretics can lead to a decrease in renal clearance of Amantadine and the development of toxic effects, hallucinations, ataxia, severe psychomotor agitation. Quinidine and quinine can slow down the process of eliminating the drug with urine. Isolated cases of occurrence of confusion in elderly patients with the combination of a drug with co-trimoxazole have been described.

special instructions
If the patient has any unwanted adverse reactions, then the treatment is stopped gradually. During the course of therapy, it is not recommended to drive the car or carry out potentially dangerous activities.

Elderly
In the treatment of patients over 65 years of age, special care should be taken.

With alcohol
The drug is better not to combine with alcohol.

During pregnancy and lactation
The medicine is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy. At later dates, the substance can be prescribed by the attending physician for strict indications. During lactation, breastfeeding is best stopped.

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